Surface integrity means it is a condition of surface of a component after manufacturing process. After manufacturing process the surface may be consisting of smoother surface or surface with irregularities. These conditions depends on the process characteristics of manufacturing process we have selected for the component.
Generally, a component is made by casting operation or any other machining operations. By taking care of the process characteristics for these two processes we can get the desired surface finishing for the component. For the casting operation what are the process characteristics means preparation of proper mould cavity with high compact strength, passage ways with smoother surface inside, proper cross sectional areas for the passage ways which provides uniform flow of the molten form of metal, getting totally converted form of metal etc. For machining operation process characteristics are constant speed ratio between worpiece and tool, uniform feed rate and proper depth of cut etc. So, maintaining all these process characteristics in optimum condition we can avoid the irregularities may take place on the surface of component.
Surface integrity is considered in two forms based on the irregularities and reasons for getting irregularities on the surface of a component after manufacturing process. Those two forms are Topography characteristics and surface layer characteristics. The topography characteristics are related to the irregularities related to roughness, waviness, flaws and lays. Surface layer characteristics are those irregularities which are due to the high heat applied to component which causes the change in crystal structure, grain structure and ultimately causes the variation of properties of metal of component.
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